Waubonsee Community College

Doing justice, doing gender, women in legal and criminal justice occupations, Susan Ehrlich Martin, Nancy C. Jurik

eng

Includes bibliographical references (pages 233-255) and index

contains biographical information

index present

non fiction

Doing justice, doing gender

bibliography

69104245

Susan Ehrlich Martin, Nancy C. Jurik

"Doing Justice, Doing Gender: Women in Legal and Criminal Justice Occupations is a sociologically grounded analysis of women working in the traditionally male-dominated occupations of law, policing, and corrections. This Second Edition represents not only a thorough update of research on women in these fields but a careful consideration of changes in justice organizations and occupations over the past 40 years and their impact on women's work roles." "This is an excellent supplemental text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses such as Women and the Criminal Justice System, Gender Justice, Gender and Work, Women and Work, and Sociology of Work and Occupations in departments of sociology, criminal justice, women's studies, and social work."--Jacket

women in legal and criminal justice occupations

1. Introduction : changes in criminal justice, occupations, and women in the workplace -- The CJS : mission, processes, and workforce -- Historical context of women in justice occupations -- Legal changes -- Equal employment opportunity law -- Sexual harassment law -- Pregnancy and family leave -- Systemic reforms and expanded opportunities for women -- Women and today's justice occupations -- Contents of the second edition of this book -- A note on perspective and terminology -- Endnotes2. Explanations for gender inequality in the workplace -- Categorical approaches to gender inequality at work -- Women and men as essentially the same : gender roles and gender-neutral organizations -- Equality as sameness -- Men and women as different : equality as difference -- Calls for radical economic and cultural change -- Challenging gender dichotomies : gender as process -- Our approach : the social construction of gender in the workplace -- Doing gender : gender as a routine interactional accomplishment -- Gender as structured interaction -- Doing gender in work organizations -- Links between the family and the workplace -- The gendered state -- Gendered labor markets -- Gendered work organizations -- Division of labor in work organizations -- Culture and sexuality in work organizations -- Workplace interactions and identities -- Gendered organizational logic -- Summary -- Endnotes3. The nature of police work and women's entry into law enforcement -- An historical overview : from matron to chief -- Preliminary phase : 1840-1910 -- The specialist phase : 1910 to 1972 -- From "policewoman" to chief : changes since 1972 -- Police crisis of the 1960s -- The women's movement -- Legal changes : legislation and judicial interpretation -- The impact of research -- The increasing representation of women in police work -- The nature of policing : scope of work and occupational culture -- Nature of the work -- The police officer's "working personality" -- Occupational culture -- Recent trends in policing and their implications for women and persons of color -- Community-oriented policing -- Terrorism and other disasters -- Civilianization and privatization -- The police culture and men's opposition to women officers -- The logic of sexism and women's threat to police work -- Women's threat to the public image and citizen "respect" -- Women's threat to group solidarity and men's identity -- Barriers to women officers : interaction, ideology, and images -- Interactional dilemmas -- The sexualized workplace -- The intersections of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender -- Summary -- Endnotes4. Women officers encountering the gendered police organization -- Gendered organizational logic : policies and practices -- Gender and selection -- Gender and training -- The training academy -- Field training and patrol : cycles of success and failure -- Gendered assignment patterns -- Performance evaluations -- Gendered organizational logic and women's occupational mobility -- Moving up : women and promotion -- Family-related policies and practices -- Uniforms and appearance : formalizing gendered images -- Doing gender on the street : dilemmas of police-citizen encounters -- Gender and police work -- Doing gender in patrol work -- Using gender -- Women's response : adaptations, costs, and survival strategies -- Attitudes toward police work and on-the-job behavior -- Police work, discrimination, and stress -- Turnover : adapting by leaving -- Coping strategies, adaptations, and work styles -- Meshing personal and occupational lives -- Summary -- Endnotes8. Gendered organizational logic and women CO response -- Gendered, racialized, sexualized, and embodied prison organizations -- Racialized prisons -- Prisons as gendered -- Prisons as sexualized -- Sexual harassment policies and the gendered organization -- Corrections as embodied work and women as embodied workers -- Promoting equality in prison organizations : a case example -- Social context and the shifting organizational logic of corrections -- Conflicting correctional organizational directives -- Inadequate implementation of human service and affirmative action reforms -- Prison organizational logic and women's careers -- Preemployment experience and training -- Work assignments -- Performance evaluations and promotions -- Women's performance : adaptation and innovations -- Work-related attitudes -- Job performance -- Work styles : adaptation and innovations -- The costs : stress and turnover -- Organizational movements for change -- Summary5. Women entering the legal profession : change and resistance -- Historical overview : barriers to women in law before 1970 -- Changing laws and job queues : opening legal practice to women -- Changing labor queues and demographics in the legal profession -- Changes in the type and nature of legal employment -- The changing legal environment -- Women lawyers using the new laws -- Challenging discriminatory practices : gender bias task forces -- Lawyers' jobs, specialties, and the division of legal labor -- The organization and work of lawyers -- Private law practice -- In-house counsel and corporate law -- Women and men in government work -- The judiciary -- Law school teaching -- Gendered legal occupational culture and barriers to women -- Summary -- Endnotes6. The organizational logic of the gendered legal world and women lawyers' responses -- Gender bias in law school and its impact on the learning environment -- Gender bias in the firm, office, and agency -- Partnership and gender -- Gender differences in income -- Other gender differences in practice -- The impact of gender bias on women attorneys in court and beyond -- Sexual harassment -- Undermining women lawyers' credibility in the courtroom -- Men's perceptions of gender bias -- Organizational logic and limiting opportunity structures -- Organizational logic, gendered job recruitment, and the hiring process -- Gender barriers to a judgeship -- Barriers to law school tenure -- Women's responses to gender bias : adaptation and innovation -- Women's bar associations and gender bias task forces -- Feminist jurisprudence and legal action -- The time crunch : meshing work and family life -- Marriage and children -- Reshaping the profession : work-family balance and quality of life -- Summary -- Endnotes7. Women in corrections : advancement and resistance -- History of women in corrections : 1860s to 1960s -- Social change and changing queues for women COs in the 1970s -- Socio-legal changes and women COs -- Inmate suits and pressures for prison reform -- Prison reform ethos and changing labor and job queues for women COs -- Inmate rights to privacy and equal work opportunities -- Women's movement into CO jobs in men's prisons : 1970s to present -- Characteristics of women COs in men's prisons -- CO jobs as a resource for doing gender -- The nature of work in corrections -- CO work cultures and masculinity -- Sites of struggle : gendered interactions, gendered identities -- Men inmates and women COs -- Men coworker, supervisor, and subordinate resistance -- Sexual harassment and women COs -- Resistance from women coworkers, family, and friends -- Proponents of women COs : alternative gendered identities -- Summary9. Doing justice, doing gender today and tomorrow : occupations, organizations, and change -- Our theoretical approach : a recap -- Comparison of opportunities, barriers, and women's responses -- Similarities in women's opportunities and barriers -- Differences in opportunities, barriers, and responses -- Do women make a difference? -- Women's responses to barriers -- Gender, job perspectives, and performance in justice occupations -- Women's collective responses -- Women's contribution and the future -- Building feminist theory and policy